LaTeX 备忘清单

本备忘单总结了 LaTeX 常用显示数学符号的参考列表和一些 KaTeX 的应用示例。

入门

介绍

LaTeX 基于 TEX 的排版系统,适用于生成高印刷质量的科技和数学、物理文档。

KaTeX 只处理 LaTeX 的数学符号的一个更小的子集,用于 web 上展示

示例

f(x)=fξ^e2πiξxdξ% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

行内展示

基于 KaTeX 在一行
展示示例: `KaTeX:\int_0^\infty x^2 dx`

基于 KaTeX 在一行展示示例: 0x2dx\int_0^\infty x^2 dx

Supported Functions

Accents

:- :- :-
aa' a' a~\tilde{a} \tilde{a} g˚\mathring{g} \mathring{g}
aa'' a'' ac~\widetilde{ac} \widetilde{ac} AB\overgroup{AB} \overgroup{AB}
aa^{\prime} a^{\prime} AB~\utilde{AB} \utilde{AB} AB\undergroup{AB} \undergroup{AB}
aˊ\acute{a} \acute{a} F\vec{F} \vec{F} AB\Overrightarrow{AB} \Overrightarrow{AB}
yˉ\bar{y} \bar{y} AB\overleftarrow{AB} \overleftarrow{AB} AB\overrightarrow{AB} \overrightarrow{AB}
a˘\breve{a} \breve{a} AB\underleftarrow{AB} \underleftarrow{AB} AB\underrightarrow{AB} \underrightarrow{AB}
aˇ\check{a} \check{a} ac\overleftharpoon{ac} \overleftharpoon{ac} ac\overrightharpoon{ac} \overrightharpoon{ac}
a˙\dot{a} \dot{a} AB\overleftrightarrow{AB} \overleftrightarrow{AB} AB\overbrace{AB} \overbrace{AB}
a¨\ddot{a} \ddot{a} AB\underleftrightarrow{AB} \underleftrightarrow{AB} AB\underbrace{AB} \underbrace{AB}
aˋ\grave{a} \grave{a} AB\overline{AB} \overline{AB} ABundefined\overlinesegment{AB} \overlinesegment{AB}
θ^\hat{\theta} \hat{\theta} AB\underline{AB} \underline{AB} ABundefined\underlinesegment{AB} \underlinesegment{AB}
ac^\widehat{ac} \widehat{ac} acˇ\widecheck{ac} \widecheck{ac} X\underbar{X} \underbar{X}

\text{…}中的强调功能

:- :- :-
aˊ\'{a} \'{a} a˜\~{a} \~{a}
a˙\.{a} \.{a} a˝\H{a} \H{a}
aˋ\\\`{a} \`{a} aˉ\={a} \={a}
a¨\"{a} \"{a} aˇ\v{a} \v{a}
aˆ\^{a} \^{a} a˘\u{a} \u{a}
a˚\r{a} \r{a}

Delimiter Sizing

:- :-
(AB)\left(\LARGE{AB}\right) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right)
(((((( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(

:- :- :- :- :-
\left \big \bigl \bigm \bigr
\middle \Big \Bigl \Bigm \Bigr
\right \bigg \biggl \biggm \biggr
\ \Bigg \Biggl \Biggm \Biggr

希腊和希伯来字母 Greek and Hebrew letters

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
α\alpha \alpha κ\kappa \kappa ψ\psi \psi ϝ\digamma \digamma Δ\Delta \Delta Θ\Theta \Theta
β\beta \beta λ\lambda \lambda ρ\rho \rho ε\varepsilon \varepsilon Γ\Gamma \Gamma Υ\Upsilon \Upsilon
χ\chi \chi μ\mu \mu σ\sigma \sigma ϰ\varkappa \varkappa Λ\Lambda \Lambda Ξ\Xi \Xi
δ\delta \delta ν\nu \nu τ\tau \tau φ\varphi \varphi Ω\Omega \Omega
ϵ\epsilon \epsilon oo o θ\theta \theta ϖ\varpi \varpi Φ\Phi \Phi \aleph \aleph
η\eta \eta ω\omega \omega υ\upsilon \upsilon ϱ\varrho \varrho Π\Pi \Pi \beth \beth
γ\gamma \gamma ϕ\phi \phi ξ\xi \xi ς\varsigma \varsigma Ψ\Psi \Psi \daleth \daleth
ι\iota \iota π\pi \pi ζ\zeta \zeta ϑ\vartheta \vartheta Σ\Sigma \Sigma \gimel \gimel

其它字母

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
ı\imath \imath \nabla \nabla \Im \Im R\Reals \Reals Œ\text{\OE} \text{\OE}
ȷ\jmath \jmath \partial \partial \image \image \wp \wp ø\text{\o} \text{\o}
\aleph \aleph \Game \Game k\Bbbk \Bbbk \weierp \weierp Ø\text{\O} \text{\O}
\alef \alef \Finv \Finv N\N \N Z\Z \Z ß\text{\ss} \text{\ss}
\alefsym \alefsym C\cnums \cnums N\natnums \natnums a˚\text{\aa} \text{\aa} ı\text{\i} \text{\i}
\beth \beth C\Complex \Complex R\R \R A˚\text{\AA} \text{\AA} ȷ\text{\j} \text{\j}
\gimel \gimel \ell \ell \Re \Re æ\text{\ae} \text{\ae}
\daleth \daleth \hbar \hbar \real \real Æ\text{\AE} \text{\AE}
ð\eth \eth \hslash \hslash R\reals \reals œ\text{\oe} \text{\oe}

字母和 Unicode

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
A\Alpha \Alpha B\Beta \Beta Γ\Gamma \Gamma Δ\Delta \Delta
E\Epsilon \Epsilon Z\Zeta \Zeta H\Eta \Eta Θ\Theta \Theta
I\Iota \Iota K\Kappa \Kappa Λ\Lambda \Lambda M\Mu \Mu
N\Nu \Nu Ξ\Xi \Xi O\Omicron \Omicron Π\Pi \Pi
P\Rho \Rho Σ\Sigma \Sigma T\Tau \Tau Υ\Upsilon \Upsilon
Φ\Phi \Phi X\Chi \Chi Ψ\Psi \Psi Ω\Omega \Omega
Γ\varGamma \varGamma Δ\varDelta \varDelta Θ\varTheta \varTheta Λ\varLambda \varLambda
Ξ\varXi \varXi Π\varPi \varPi Σ\varSigma \varSigma Υ\varUpsilon \varUpsilon
Φ\varPhi \varPhi Ψ\varPsi \varPsi Ω\varOmega \varOmega
α\alpha \alpha β\beta \beta γ\gamma \gamma δ\delta \delta
ϵ\epsilon \epsilon ζ\zeta \zeta η\eta \eta θ\theta \theta
ι\iota \iota κ\kappa \kappa λ\lambda \lambda μ\mu \mu
ν\nu \nu ξ\xi \xi ο\omicron \omicron π\pi \pi
ρ\rho \rho σ\sigma \sigma τ\tau \tau υ\upsilon \upsilon
ϕ\phi \phi χ\chi \chi ψ\psi \psi ω\omega \omega
ε\varepsilon \varepsilon ϰ\varkappa \varkappa ϑ\vartheta \vartheta ϑ\thetasym \thetasym
ϖ\varpi \varpi ϱ\varrho \varrho ς\varsigma \varsigma φ\varphi \varphi
ϝ\digamma \digamma

注解

:- :- :- :- :-
5\cancel{5} \cancel{5} a+b+cnote\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}} \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
5\bcancel{5} \bcancel{5} a+b+cnote\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}} \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
ABC\xcancel{ABC} \xcancel{ABC} \not = \not =
abc\sout{abc} \sout{abc} π=cd\boxed{\pi=\frac c d} \boxed{\pi=\frac c d}
$an\$a_{\angl n} MD语法冲突 $a_{\angl n} ana_\angln a_\angln
78\phase{-78^\circ} \phase{-78^\circ}

\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2x(hi)\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2xhi\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

垂直布局

:- :- :- :- :- :-
xnx_n x_n =!\stackrel{!}{=} \stackrel{!}{=} aba \atop b a \atop b
exe^x e^x =!\overset{!}{=} \overset{!}{=} abca\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c a\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c
uo_u^o _u^o =!\underset{!}{=} \underset{!}{=} a+(abc)a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right) a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)
0<i<m0<j<n\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}} \sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}

重叠和间距

:- :- :- :-
=/{=}\mathllap{/\,} {=}\mathllap{/,} (x2)\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)
/=\mathrlap{\,/}{=} \mathrlap{,/}{=} y\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}} \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}

\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

1ijnxij\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

LaTeX\LaTeX math constructs

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
abcxyz\frac{abc}{xyz} \frac{abc}{xyz} abc\overline{abc} \overline{abc} abc\overrightarrow{abc} \overrightarrow{abc}
ff' f' abc\underline{abc} \underline{abc} abc\overleftarrow{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}
abc\sqrt{abc} \sqrt{abc} abc^\widehat{abc} \widehat{abc} abc\overbrace{abc} \overbrace{abc}
abcn\sqrt[n]{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc} abc~\widetilde{abc} \widetilde{abc} abc\underbrace{abc} \underbrace{abc}

分隔符 Delimiters

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
()() () ()\lparen \rparen \lparen \rparen ⌈ ⌉ ⌈ ⌉ \lceil \rceil \lceil \rceil \uparrow \uparrow
[][] [] []\lbrack \rbrack \lbrack \rbrack ⌊ ⌋ ⌊ ⌋ \lfloor \rfloor \lfloor \rfloor \downarrow \downarrow
{}\{ \} {} {}\lbrace \rbrace \lbrace \rbrace ⎰⎱ ⎰⎱ \lmoustache \rmoustache \lmoustache \rmoustache \updownarrow \updownarrow
⟨ ⟩ ⟨⟩ \langle \rangle \langle \rangle ⟮ ⟯ ⟮ ⟯ \lgroup \rgroup \lgroup \rgroup \Uparrow \Uparrow
| \vert \vert ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ \ulcorner \urcorner \ulcorner \urcorner \Downarrow \Downarrow
| (MD语法冲突) \| \Vert \Vert └ ┘ └ ┘ \llcorner \lrcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
∣ ∣ \lvert \rvert \lVert \rVert \lVert \rVert \left. \right. \\backslash \backslash
\lang \rang \lang \rang <>\lt \gt \lt \gt ⟦ ⟧ ⟦ ⟧ \llbracket \rrbracket \llbracket \rrbracket \lBrace \rBrace \lBrace \rBrace

可以使用一对表达式 \left s1s_1\right s2s_2 来将分隔符 s1s_1s2s_2 的高度与其内容的高度进行匹配,例如:

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\left| exprexpr \right| \left\{ exprexpr \right\} \left\Vert exprexpr \right.

可变大小的符号

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
\sum \sum \int \int \biguplus \biguplus \bigoplus \bigoplus \bigvee \bigvee
\prod \prod \oint \oint \bigcap \bigcap \bigotimes \bigotimes \bigwedge \bigwedge
\coprod \coprod \iint \iint \bigcup \bigcup \bigodot \bigodot \bigodot \bigodot

标准函数名称

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
arccos\arccos \arccos arcsin\arcsin \arcsin arcsin\arcsin \arcsin arg\arg \arg
cos\cos \cos cosh\cosh \cosh cot\cot \cot coth\coth \coth
csc\csc \csc deg\deg \deg det\det \det dim\dim \dim
exp\exp \exp gcd\gcd \gcd hom\hom \hom inf\inf \inf
ker\ker \ker lg\lg \lg lim\lim \lim lim inf\liminf \liminf
lim sup\limsup \limsup ln\ln \ln log\log \log max\max \max
min\min \min Pr\Pr \Pr sec\sec \sec sin\sin \sin
sinh\sinh \sinh sup\sup \sup tan\tan \tan tanh\tanh \tanh

函数名应该用罗马字体,而不是斜体,例如:

:- :- :- :-
Correct: \tan(at-n\pi) \rightarrow tan(atnπ)\tan(at-n\pi)
Incorrect: tan(at-n\pi) \rightarrow tan(atnπ)tan(at-n\pi)

逻辑与集合论

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\forall \forall \complement \complement \therefore \therefore \emptyset \emptyset
\exists \exists \subset \subset \because \because \empty \empty
\exist \exist \supset \supset \mapsto \mapsto \varnothing \varnothing
\nexists \nexists \mid \mid \to \to     \implies \implies
\in \in \land \land \gets \gets     \impliedby \impliedby
\isin \isin \lor \lor \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow     \iff \iff
\notin \notin \ni \ni \notni \notni ¬\neg ¬\lnot \neg\lnot

:- :- :- :-
{x  |  x<12}\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } \Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } {xx<5}\set{x|x<5} \set{x|x<5}

宏指令

:- :- :- :-
x2+x2\def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo y2+y2\gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y} \gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y}

特殊符号

:- :- :- :- :- :-
ϕ\bra{\phi} \bra{\phi} ψ\ket{\psi} \ket{\psi} ϕψ\braket{\phi|\psi} \braket{\phi|\psi}
ϕ\Bra{\phi} \Bra{\phi} ψ\Ket{\psi} \Ket{\psi} ϕ|2t2|ψ\Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ } \Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ }

运算符

数学运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
arcsin\arcsin \arcsin cosec\cosec \cosec deg\deg \deg sec\sec \sec
arccos\arccos \arccos cosh\cosh \cosh dim\dim \dim sin\sin \sin
arctan\arctan \arctan cot\cot \cot exp\exp \exp sinh\sinh \sinh
arctg\arctg \arctg cotg\cotg \cotg hom\hom \hom sh\sh \sh
arcctg\arcctg \arcctg coth\coth \coth ker\ker \ker tan\tan \tan
arg\arg \arg csc\csc \csc lg\lg \lg tanh\tanh \tanh
ch\ch \ch ctg\ctg \ctg ln\ln \ln tg\tg \tg
cos\cos \cos cth\cth \cth log\log \log th\th \th
f\operatorname{f} \operatorname{f}
arg max\argmax \argmax inj lim\injlim \injlim min\min \min lim\varinjlim \varinjlim
arg min\argmin \argmin lim\lim \lim plim\plim \plim lim\varliminf \varliminf
det\det \det lim inf\liminf \liminf Pr\Pr \Pr lim\varlimsup \varlimsup
gcd\gcd \gcd lim sup\limsup \limsup proj lim\projlim \projlim lim\varprojlim \varprojlim
inf\inf \inf max\max \max sup\sup \sup f\operatorname*{f} \operatorname*{f}
f\operatornamewithlimits{f} \operatornamewithlimits{f}

大运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\sum \sum \prod \prod \bigotimes \bigotimes \bigvee \bigvee
\int \int \coprod \coprod \bigoplus \bigoplus \bigwedge \bigwedge
\iint \iint \intop \intop \bigodot \bigodot \bigcap \bigcap
\iiint \iiint \smallint \smallint \biguplus \biguplus \bigcup \bigcup
\oint \oint \oiint \oiint \oiiint \oiiint \bigsqcup \bigsqcup

分数和二项式

:- :- :- :-
ab\frac{a}{b} \frac{a}{b} ab\tfrac{a}{b} \tfrac{a}{b}
ab{a \over b} {a \over b} ab\dfrac{a}{b} \dfrac{a}{b}
(aa+1]\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} ab+1{a \above{2pt} b+1} {a \above{2pt} b+1}
a/ba/b a/b a1+1b\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}} \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}
:- :- :- :-
(nk)\binom{n}{k} \binom{n}{k} (nk)\dbinom{n}{k} \dbinom{n}{k}
{nk}{n\brace k} {n\brace k} (nk){n \choose k} {n \choose k}
(nk)\tbinom{n}{k} \tbinom{n}{k} [nk]{n\brack k} {n\brack k}

\sqrt

:- :- :- :-
x\sqrt{x} \sqrt{x} x3\sqrt[3]{x} \sqrt[3]{x}

二元运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
++ + \cdot \cdot \gtrdot \gtrdot x(moda)x \pmod a x \pmod a
- - \cdotp \cdotp \intercal \intercal x(a)x \pod a x \pod a
// / \centerdot \centerdot \land \land \rhd \rhd
* * \circ \circ \leftthreetimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes \rightthreetimes
⨿\amalg \amalg \circledast \circledast .\ldotp \ldotp \rtimes \rtimes
&\And \And \circledcirc \circledcirc \lor \lor \setminus \setminus
\ast \ast \circleddash \circleddash \lessdot \lessdot \smallsetminus \smallsetminus
\barwedge \barwedge \Cup \Cup \lhd \lhd \sqcap \sqcap
\bigcirc \bigcirc \cup \cup \ltimes \ltimes \sqcup \sqcup
mod\bmod \bmod \curlyvee \curlyvee xmodax\mod a x\mod a ×\times \times
\boxdot \boxdot \curlywedge \curlywedge \mp \mp \unlhd \unlhd
\boxminus \boxminus ÷\div \div \odot \odot \unrhd \unrhd
\boxplus \boxplus \divideontimes \divideontimes \ominus \ominus \uplus \uplus
\boxtimes \boxtimes \dotplus \dotplus \oplus \oplus \vee \vee
\bullet \bullet \doublebarwedge \doublebarwedge \otimes \otimes \veebar \veebar
\Cap \Cap \doublecap \doublecap \oslash \oslash \wedge \wedge
\cap \cap \doublecup \doublecup ±\pm \pm ±\plusmn \plusmn
\wr \wr`

关系

关系

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
== = \doteqdot \doteqdot \lessapprox \lessapprox \smile \smile
<< < \eqcirc \eqcirc \lesseqgtr \lesseqgtr \sqsubset \sqsubset
>> > \eqcolon \eqcolon\minuscolon \lesseqqgtr \lesseqqgtr \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
:: : \Eqcolon \Eqcolon\minuscoloncolon \lessgtr \lessgtr \sqsupset \sqsupset
\approx \approx \eqqcolon \eqqcolon\equalscolon \lesssim \lesssim \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq
:\approxcolon \approxcolon =\Eqqcolon \Eqqcolon\equalscoloncolon \ll \ll \Subset \Subset
\approxcoloncolon \approxcoloncolon \eqsim \eqsim \lll \lll \subset \subset\sub
\approxeq \approxeq \eqslantgtr \eqslantgtr \llless \llless \subseteq \subseteq\sube
\asymp \asymp \eqslantless \eqslantless <\lt \lt \subseteqq \subseteqq
\backepsilon \backepsilon \equiv \equiv \mid \mid \succ \succ
\backsim \backsim \fallingdotseq \fallingdotseq \models \models \succapprox \succapprox
\backsimeq \backsimeq \frown \frown \multimap \multimap \succcurlyeq \succcurlyeq
\between \between \ge \ge \origof \origof \succeq \succeq
\bowtie \bowtie \geq \geq \owns \owns \succsim \succsim
\bumpeq \bumpeq \geqq \geqq \parallel \parallel \Supset \Supset
\Bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqslant \geqslant \perp \perp \supset \supset
\circeq \circeq \gg \gg \pitchfork \pitchfork \supseteq \supseteq\supe
:\colonapprox \colonapprox \ggg \ggg \prec \prec \supseteqq \supseteqq
\Colonapprox \Colonapprox\coloncolonapprox \gggtr \gggtr \precapprox \precapprox \thickapprox \thickapprox
:\coloneq \coloneq\colonminus >\gt \gt \preccurlyeq \preccurlyeq \thicksim \thicksim
\Coloneq \Coloneq\coloncolonminus \gtrapprox \gtrapprox \preceq \preceq \trianglelefteq \trianglelefteq
\coloneqq \coloneqq\colonequals \gtreqless \gtreqless \precsim \precsim \triangleq \triangleq
=\Coloneqq \Coloneqq\coloncolonequals \gtreqqless \gtreqqless \propto \propto \trianglerighteq \trianglerighteq
:\colonsim \colonsim \gtrless \gtrless \risingdotseq \risingdotseq \varpropto \varpropto
\Colonsim \Colonsim\coloncolonsim \gtrsim \gtrsim \shortmid \shortmid \vartriangle \vartriangle
\cong \cong \imageof \imageof \shortparallel \shortparallel \vartriangleleft \vartriangleleft
\curlyeqprec \curlyeqprec \in \in\isin \sim \sim \vartriangleright \vartriangleright
\curlyeqsucc \curlyeqsucc \Join \Join :\simcolon \simcolon :\vcentcolon \vcentcolon\ratio
\dashv \dashv \le \le \simcoloncolon \simcoloncolon \vdash \vdash
\dblcolon \dblcolon\coloncolon \leq \leq \simeq \simeq \vDash \vDash
\doteq \doteq \leqq \leqq \smallfrown \smallfrown \Vdash \Vdash
\Doteq \Doteq \leqslant \leqslant \smallsmile \smallsmile \Vvdash \Vvdash

否定关系

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\gnapprox \gnapprox \ngeqslant \ngeqslant \nsubseteq \nsubseteq \precneqq \precneqq
\gneq \gneq \ngtr \ngtr \nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq \precnsim \precnsim
\gneqq \gneqq \nleq \nleq \nsucc \nsucc \subsetneq \subsetneq
\gnsim \gnsim \nleqq \nleqq \nsucceq \nsucceq \subsetneqq \subsetneqq
\gvertneqq \gvertneqq \nleqslant \nleqslant \nsupseteq \nsupseteq \succnapprox \succnapprox
\lnapprox \lnapprox \nless \nless \nsupseteqq \nsupseteqq \succneqq \succneqq
\lneq \lneq \nmid \nmid \ntriangleleft \ntriangleleft \succnsim \succnsim
\lneqq \lneqq \notin \notin \ntrianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \supsetneq \supsetneq
\lnsim \lnsim \notni \notni \ntriangleright \ntriangleright \supsetneqq \supsetneqq
\lvertneqq \lvertneqq \nparallel \nparallel \ntrianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneq
\ncong \ncong \nprec \nprec \nvdash \nvdash \varsubsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
\ne \ne \npreceq \npreceq \nvDash \nvDash \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneq
\neq \neq \nshortmid \nshortmid \nVDash \nVDash \varsupsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
\ngeq \ngeq \nshortparallel \nshortparallel \nVdash \nVdash
\ngeqq \ngeqq \nsim \nsim \precnapprox \precnapprox

\not = \not =

箭头

:- :- :- :- :- :-
\circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup \rArr \rArr
\circlearrowright \circlearrowright \leftleftarrows \leftleftarrows \rarr \rarr
\curvearrowleft \curvearrowleft \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \restriction \restriction
\curvearrowright \curvearrowright \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \rightarrow \rightarrow
\Darr \Darr \leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows \Rightarrow \Rightarrow
\dArr \dArr \leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons \rightarrowtail \rightarrowtail
\darr \darr \leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow \rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown
\dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow \Lleftarrow \Lleftarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
\dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow \longleftarrow \longleftarrow \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows
\downarrow \downarrow \Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
\Downarrow \Downarrow \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows
\downdownarrows \downdownarrows \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
\downharpoonleft \downharpoonleft \longmapsto \longmapsto \Rrightarrow \Rrightarrow
\downharpoonright \downharpoonright \longrightarrow \longrightarrow \Rsh \Rsh
\gets \gets \Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow \searrow \searrow
\Harr \Harr \looparrowleft \looparrowleft \swarrow \swarrow
\hArr \hArr \looparrowright \looparrowright \to \to
\harr \harr \Lrarr \Lrarr \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow
\hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow \lrArr \lrArr \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow
\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow \lrarr \lrarr \Uarr \Uarr
    \iff \iff \Lsh \Lsh \uArr \uArr
    \impliedby \impliedby \mapsto \mapsto \uarr \uarr
    \implies \implies \nearrow \nearrow \uparrow \uparrow
\Larr \Larr \nleftarrow \nleftarrow \Uparrow \Uparrow
\lArr \lArr \nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow \updownarrow \updownarrow
\larr \larr \nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
\leadsto \leadsto \nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \upharpoonleft \upharpoonleft
\leftarrow \leftarrow \nrightarrow \nrightarrow \upharpoonright \upharpoonright
\Leftarrow \Leftarrow \nRightarrow \nRightarrow \upuparrows \upuparrows
\leftarrowtail \leftarrowtail \nwarrow \nwarrow
\leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown \Rarr \Rarr

可扩展箭头

:- :- :- :- :- :-
abc\xleftarrow{abc} \xleftarrow{abc} underover\xrightarrow[under]{over} \xrightarrow[under]{over}
abc\xLeftarrow{abc} \xLeftarrow{abc} abc\xRightarrow{abc} \xRightarrow{abc}
abc\xleftrightarrow{abc} \xleftrightarrow{abc} abc\xLeftrightarrow{abc} \xLeftrightarrow{abc}
abc\xhookleftarrow{abc} \xhookleftarrow{abc} abc\xhookrightarrow{abc} \xhookrightarrow{abc}
abc\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} abc\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc} \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
abc\xleftharpoonup{abc} \xleftharpoonup{abc} abc\xrightharpoonup{abc} \xrightharpoonup{abc}
abc\xleftharpoondown{abc} \xleftharpoondown{abc} abc\xrightharpoondown{abc} \xrightharpoondown{abc}
abc\xleftrightharpoons{abc} \xleftrightharpoons{abc} abc\xrightleftharpoons{abc} \xrightleftharpoons{abc}
abc\xtofrom{abc} \xtofrom{abc} abc\xmapsto{abc} \xmapsto{abc}
=abc\xlongequal{abc} \xlongequal{abc}

符号和标点符号

符号和标点符号

:- :- :- :- :- :-
% comment % comment \dots \dots KaTeX\KaTeX \KaTeX
%\% \% \cdots \cdots LaTeX\LaTeX \LaTeX
#\# \# \ddots \ddots TeX\TeX \TeX
&\& \& \ldots \ldots \nabla \nabla
_\_ \_ \vdots \vdots \infty \infty
_\text{\textunderscore} \text{\textunderscore} \dotsb \dotsb \infin \infin
\text{--} \text{--} \dotsc \dotsc \checkmark \checkmark
\text{\textendash} \text{\textendash}  ⁣\dotsi \dotsi \dag \dag
\text{---} \text{---} \dotsm \dotsm \dagger \dagger
\text{\textemdash} \text{\textemdash} \dotso \dotso \text{\textdagger} \text{\textdagger}
~\text{\textasciitilde} \text{\textasciitilde} \sdot \sdot \ddag \ddag
^\text{\textasciicircum} \text{\textasciicircum} \mathellipsis \mathellipsis \ddagger \ddagger
` ` \text{\textellipsis} \text{\textellipsis} \text{\textdaggerdbl} \text{\textdaggerdbl}
\text{\textquoteleft} text{\textquoteleft} \Box \Box \Dagger \Dagger
\lq \lq \square \square \angle \angle
\text{\textquoteright} \text{\textquoteright} \blacksquare \blacksquare \measuredangle \measuredangle
\rq \rq \triangle \triangle \sphericalangle \sphericalangle
\text{\textquotedblleft} \text{\textquotedblleft} \triangledown \triangledown \top \top
"" " \triangleleft \triangleleft \bot \bot
\text{\textquotedblright} \text{\textquotedblright} \triangleright \triangleright $\$ \$
 ⁣:\colon \colon \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown $\text{\textdollar} \text{\textdollar}
\backprime \backprime \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup £\pounds \pounds
\prime \prime \blacktriangle \blacktriangle £\mathsterling \mathsterling
<\text{\textless} \text{\textless} \blacktriangledown \blacktriangledown £\text{\textsterling} \text{\textsterling}
>\text{\textgreater} \text{\textgreater} \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleleft ¥\yen \yen
|\text{\textbar} \text{\textbar} \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright \surd \surd
\text{\textbardbl} \text{\textbardbl} \diamond \diamond °\degree \degree
{\text{\textbraceleft} \text{\textbraceleft} \Diamond \Diamond °\text{\textdegree} \text{\textdegree}
}\text{\textbraceright} \text{\textbraceright} \lozenge \lozenge \mho \mho
\\text{\textbackslash} \text{\textbackslash} \blacklozenge \blacklozenge \diagdown \diagdown
\text{\P} \text{\P}\P \star \star \diagup \diagup
§\text{\S} \text{\S}\S \bigstar \bigstar \flat \flat
§\text{\sect} \text{\sect} \clubsuit \clubsuit \natural \natural
©\copyright \copyright \clubs \clubs \sharp \sharp
®\circledR \circledR \diamondsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \heartsuit
®\text{\textregistered} \text{\textregistered} \diamonds \diamonds \hearts \hearts
\circledS \circledS \spadesuit \spadesuit \spades \spades
a\text{\textcircled a} \text{\textcircled a} \maltese \maltese \minuso \minuso

Environments

Environments 1

abcd\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}
\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}

Environments 2

abcd\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}
\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}

Environments 3

(abcd)\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}

Environments 4

[abcd]\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}

Environments 5

abcd\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}
\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}

Environments 6

abcd\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}
\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}

Environments 7

{abcd}\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}
\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}

Environments 8

abcdefghi\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}

Environments 9

x={aif bcif dx = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}
x = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}

Environments 10

aif bcif d}\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…
\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…

Environments 11

abcd\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}
\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}

Environments 12

iΛ0<j<n\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}
\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}

Environments 13

a=b+c=e+f\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Environments 14

a=b+cd+e=f\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}
\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}

Environments 15

a=be=b+c\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}
\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}

Environments 16

10x+3y=23x+13y=4\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}
\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}

Environments 17

AaBbcC=D\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}
\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}

样式、颜色、大小和字体

Color 颜色

:- :-
F=ma\color{blue} F=ma \color{blue} F=ma
F=ma\textcolor{blue}{F=ma} \textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
F=ma\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma} \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
F=ma\colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$} \colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}
F=ma\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$} \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}

Font 字体

:- :- :- :- :- :-
AB\Huge AB \Huge AB AB\normalsize AB \normalsize AB AB\normalsize AB \normalsize AB
AB\huge AB \huge AB AB\huge AB \huge AB AB\small AB \small AB
AB\LARGE AB \LARGE AB AB\LARGE AB \LARGE AB AB\footnotesize AB \footnotesize AB
AB\Large AB \Large AB AB\Large AB \Large AB AB\scriptsize AB \scriptsize AB
AB\large AB \large AB AB\large AB \large AB AB\tiny AB \tiny AB

Style 样式

:- :- :- :-
i=1n\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n i=1n\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
x\scriptstyle x \scriptstyle x x\scriptscriptstyle x \scriptscriptstyle x
limx\lim\limits_x \lim\limits_x limx\lim\nolimits_x \lim\nolimits_x
x^2\verb!x^2! \verb!x^2!

另见